Attribute "alias" is required and must be specified for element type "typeAlias"

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at ibatis.conn.UserDAOImpl.findUserById(UserDAOImpl.java:20)
at ibatis.conn.TestDAO.main(TestDAO.java:38)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error occurred.  Cause: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error parsing XPath '/sqlMapConfig/sqlMap'.  Cause: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Attribute "alias" is required and must be specified for element type "typeAlias".
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.builder.xml.SqlMapConfigParser.parse(SqlMapConfigParser.java:49)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.client.SqlMapClientBuilder.buildSqlMapClient(SqlMapClientBuilder.java:63)
at ibatis.conn.IbatisUitl.<clinit>(IbatisUitl.java:27)
... 2 more
Caused by: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error parsing XPath '/sqlMapConfig/sqlMap'.  Cause: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Attribute "alias" is required and must be specified for element type "typeAlias".
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:53)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.builder.xml.SqlMapConfigParser.parse(SqlMapConfigParser.java:46)
... 4 more
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error parsing XPath '/sqlMapConfig/sqlMap'.  Cause: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Attribute "alias" is required and must be specified for element type "typeAlias".
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.processNodelet(NodeletParser.java:123)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.process(NodeletParser.java:84)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.process(NodeletParser.java:102)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:72)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:51)
... 5 more
Caused by: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Attribute "alias" is required and must be specified for element type "typeAlias".
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:53)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.builder.xml.SqlMapParser.parse(SqlMapParser.java:40)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.builder.xml.SqlMapConfigParser$10.process(SqlMapConfigParser.java:270)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.processNodelet(NodeletParser.java:121)
... 9 more
Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Attribute "alias" is required and must be specified for element type "typeAlias".
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:195)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:131)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:384)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:318)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.addDTDDefaultAttrsAndValidate(XMLDTDValidator.java:1193)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.handleStartElement(XMLDTDValidator.java:1940)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.emptyElement(XMLDTDValidator.java:785)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1343)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2756)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:647)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:511)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:808)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:119)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(DOMParser.java:232)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(DocumentBuilderImpl.java:284)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.createDocument(NodeletParser.java:157)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:50)
... 12 more
解决方法：
   由于typeAlias的标签中没有name,需要用alias。
<typeAlias name="user" type="model.User" />
   <typeAlias alias="user" type="model.User"/>



2.Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at ibatis.conn.UserDAOImpl.findUserById(UserDAOImpl.java:20)
at ibatis.conn.TestDAO.main(TestDAO.java:38)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error occurred.  Cause: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error parsing XPath '/sqlMapConfig/sqlMap'.  Cause: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Element type "flushOnExcute" must be declared.
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.builder.xml.SqlMapConfigParser.parse(SqlMapConfigParser.java:49)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.client.SqlMapClientBuilder.buildSqlMapClient(SqlMapClientBuilder.java:63)
at ibatis.conn.IbatisUitl.<clinit>(IbatisUitl.java:27)
... 2 more
Caused by: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error parsing XPath '/sqlMapConfig/sqlMap'.  Cause: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Element type "flushOnExcute" must be declared.
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:53)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.builder.xml.SqlMapConfigParser.parse(SqlMapConfigParser.java:46)
... 4 more
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error parsing XPath '/sqlMapConfig/sqlMap'.  Cause: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Element type "flushOnExcute" must be declared.
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.processNodelet(NodeletParser.java:123)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.process(NodeletParser.java:84)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.process(NodeletParser.java:102)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:72)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:51)
... 5 more
Caused by: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Element type "flushOnExcute" must be declared.
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:53)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.builder.xml.SqlMapParser.parse(SqlMapParser.java:40)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.builder.xml.SqlMapConfigParser$10.process(SqlMapConfigParser.java:270)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.processNodelet(NodeletParser.java:121)
... 9 more
Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: Element type "flushOnExcute" must be declared.
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:195)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:131)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:384)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:318)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.handleStartElement(XMLDTDValidator.java:1929)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.emptyElement(XMLDTDValidator.java:785)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1343)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2756)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:647)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:511)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:808)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:119)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(DOMParser.java:232)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(DocumentBuilderImpl.java:284)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.createDocument(NodeletParser.java:157)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:50)
... 12 more

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at ibatis.conn.UserDAOImpl.findUserById(UserDAOImpl.java:20)
at ibatis.conn.TestDAO.main(TestDAO.java:38)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error occurred.  Cause: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error parsing XPath '/sqlMapConfig/sqlMap'.  Cause: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: The string "--" is not permitted within comments.
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.builder.xml.SqlMapConfigParser.parse(SqlMapConfigParser.java:49)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.client.SqlMapClientBuilder.buildSqlMapClient(SqlMapClientBuilder.java:63)
at ibatis.conn.IbatisUitl.<clinit>(IbatisUitl.java:27)
... 2 more
Caused by: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error parsing XPath '/sqlMapConfig/sqlMap'.  Cause: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: The string "--" is not permitted within comments.
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:53)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.builder.xml.SqlMapConfigParser.parse(SqlMapConfigParser.java:46)
... 4 more
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error parsing XPath '/sqlMapConfig/sqlMap'.  Cause: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: The string "--" is not permitted within comments.
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.processNodelet(NodeletParser.java:123)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.process(NodeletParser.java:84)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.process(NodeletParser.java:102)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:72)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:51)
... 5 more
Caused by: com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletException: Error parsing XML.  Cause: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: The string "--" is not permitted within comments.
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:53)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.builder.xml.SqlMapParser.parse(SqlMapParser.java:40)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.builder.xml.SqlMapConfigParser$10.process(SqlMapConfigParser.java:270)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.processNodelet(NodeletParser.java:121)
... 9 more
Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: The string "--" is not permitted within comments.
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:195)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.fatalError(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:174)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:388)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.reportFatalError(XMLScanner.java:1427)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.scanComment(XMLScanner.java:787)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanComment(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1040)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:945)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:647)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:511)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:808)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:119)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(DOMParser.java:232)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(DocumentBuilderImpl.java:284)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.createDocument(NodeletParser.java:157)
at com.ibatis.common.xml.NodeletParser.parse(NodeletParser.java:50)
... 12 more

解决方法：
不能在配置文件开头注释，删除红色注释部分。
<!DOCTYPE sqlMap
PUBLIC "-//iBATIS.com//DTD SQL Map 2.0//EN"
"http://www.ibatis.com/dtd/sql-map-2.dtd">

<!-- namespace="User"无作用-->
<sqlMap namespace="User">
<!-- 模块配置-->
<typeAlias alias="user" type="model.User"/>

<cacheModel id="userCache" type="LRU">
<flushInterval hours="24"/>
<property name="size" value="1000"/>
</cacheModel>